Note: This work is the result from a research assignment given to University of Maryland undergraduate and graduate students enrolled in Dr. Sarah Benharrech’s course “Riots, Rebellions and Revolutions,” taught in Fall 2015. Learn more.
François Barbé-Marbois (1745-1837) est un diplomate français. En 1779, il s’installe à Philadelphie où il exerce les fonctions de consul général et de secrétaire du ministre de la Marine, de La Luzerne, jusqu’en 1789. Sa première tâche a été de réunir des informations des 13 colonies américaines et d’envoyer un questionnaire à tous les représentants des états. Il existe plusieurs versions de ces lettres[1] qui contiennent une vingtaine de questions sur les caractéristiques géographiques et sociales des états américains et où il demande des informations des propriétés qui ont été prises aux tories britanniques. Il correspond avec Roger Smith, Thomas Jefferson, George Washington et autres résidents célèbres du pays. Il s’intéresse avec George Washington[2] à la production du tabac et avec Jefferson aux conditions de vie en Virginie.[3] En 1784, il épouse Eliza Moore, fille de William Moore, homme politique et riche commerçant de Philadelphie. Barbé-Marbois était aussi au centre d’une polémique pendant son séjour à Philadelphie. Victime des coups d’un aventurier, Charles Julien de Longchamp,[4] fonctionnaire de l’armée française aux Etats-Unis, Barbé-Marbois critique l’inaction de la justice américaine et réclame l’extradition de son agresseur, ce qui le rend impopulaire. En 1790, le Congrès américain se dote enfin d’une loi pour punir les délits commis contre les diplomates étrangers.
François Barbé-Marbois (1745-1837) was a French diplomat. He moved to Philadelphia where he worked until 1789 as a general consul, and as such, he was in charge of the French affairs to the United States. His first assignment was to gather information of all the 13 American colonies and to send questionnaires to its representatives. There are several versions of these letters.[1] They contain around 20 questions regarding the geographical and social characteristics of the American states; he asks for information about the properties that have been taken by the English Tories. Among his correspondences we can find letters to Roger Smith, Thomas Jefferson, George Washington and other illustrious residents in the country. In the letters with George Washington[2] they talk about the tobacco production, while those with Jefferson regard the condition of Virginia.[3] Marbois married Eliza Moore, daughter of William Moore- a rich trader and politician of Philadelphia. He was also at the center of a polemical episode during his years in Philadelphia. Charles Julien de Longchamp,[4] an employer of the French army to the United States, attacked Marbois verbally and physically with a walking cane. After the incident, the French diplomat called for the extradition of his aggressor, which made him unpopular among Americans.
Author: Virginia Bezerra de Menezes
References
[1] Nancy Heywood, “A Draft Copy of ‘Notes on the State of Connecticut,’” Massachusetts Historical Society: Online Collections, last modified April 2010, http://www.masshist.org/objects/2010april.php.
[2] “To George Washington from François Barbé de Marbois, 8 June 1784,” Founders Online, http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/04-01-02-0296.
[3] Heywood, “Draft Copy.”
[4] Alfred Rosenthal, “The Marbois-Longchamps Affair,” The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 63, no. 3 (1939): 294–301, http://www.jstor.org/stable/20087194.